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Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
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Is actual similarity necessary for attraction? A meta-analysis of actual and perceived similarity

R. Matthew Montoya

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, matt_montoya{at}ksg.harvard.edu

Robert S. Horton

Wabash College

Jeffrey Kirchner

BioVid Corporation

To evaluate the impact of actual and perceived similarity on interpersonal attraction, we meta-analyzed 460 effect sizes from 313 laboratory and field investigations. Results indicated that the associations between interpersonal attraction and both actual similarity (r = .47) and perceived similarity (r = .39) were significant and large. The data also indicate that (i) actual similarity was important in no-interaction and short-interaction studies, (ii) there was a significant reduction in the effect size of actual similarity beyond no-interaction studies, and (iii) the effect of actual similarity in existing relationships was not significant. Alternatively, perceived similarity predicted attraction in no-interaction, short-interaction, and existing relationship studies. The implications of perceived similarity, rather than actual similarity, being predictive of attraction in existing relationships are discussed.

Key Words: attraction • complimentarity • liking • marriage • meta-analysis • perceived similarity • relationships • similarity effect

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Vol. 25, No. 6, 889-922 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0265407508096700
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